Saudi and UAE Pipelines Can Bypass Hormuz. They Can Not Substitute for an Institutional Regime.
Petroline is back at 7 million bpd. ADCOP runs 1.5 mbd. Together they route roughly 8.5 mbd around Hormuz. The strait normally handles 20 mbd. Pipelines privilege Saudi and Emirati crude while excluding Iran, LNG, containers, chemicals, and refined products. A bridge, not a destination.